2200BC-399AD

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Brief Overview of Spreading of People and Civilizations

Year Locale Event Social Effects Source

309AD Roman Empire Anthrax/look-alike Population sharply reduced/5 yrs Trager

300
Northern Andes /

North Coast South America

Warm wet period in Andes

Coastal regions dry

Tiahuanasco/Huari Cultures Thrive

North Coastal Cultures collapse
Thompson2

256 Pontus/Black Sea Pandemic Roman Plague Deaths in Alexandria/Christian converts Trager

253 Roman Empire Plague 15 year episode Trager

240-800 China Cool period Permafrost records/reconstruction Yang EOS 2002

227 Mesopotamia Parthians replacedby Sassanid Persians Persians occupy until Islam born History

200 Ptolemy Geography World is Round Trager

189 Rome Food shortages Smallpox epidemic kills 2000/day Trager

125 Africa/italy Locusts/Famine/Plague Nearly a million die/land abandoned Trager

100-170 AD Greece/Alexandria Egypt Ptolemy/astronomer/Almagest
Geocentric Universe

Equant point
Trager

150AD Alexandria/Ptolemy Geographic/Astronomic Theorist Provided Basic thinking/held 1400 years Tooley

100AD North America plains/woods Maize arrives on scene AMNH

95AD Rome region Sever malaria develops Continues 500 yrs/Campagna not cultivated Trager

80AD Roman Empire/China Anthrax epidemic Humans/horses/cattle die:Huns migrate west Trager

79AD Italy Mt. Vesuvius erupts Herculanium and Pompie destroyed

70AD Rome Food Panic Adverese winds delay African grain ships Trager

0-240AD China Warming period Permafrost records/reconstruction Feng et al. + New study Yang EOS 2002

~50BC-50AD Mississippi Watershed Flood Proxy Records/major decadal scale episodes "spawned by the export of extremely moist gulf air to midcontinental North America that was driven by natural same-time-scale oscillations in Gulf of Mexico ocean currents." Brown, Kennett, and Ingram

7BC World Population=250 million Birth of Christianity Trager

81BC Japan Ship building program Initiated to improve access to sea foods Trager

126BC Mesopotamia/Babylon Great cities essentially abindoned after Roman control region Central Asian Parthians gain control History

168BC-140BC Greek Mediterranean Romans sack Corinth Rise of Roman Empire begins/defeat of Macedonia AMNH

200BC Alexandria/Erotosthenes Sun Shadows/Alexandria/Syene Calculates Circumference of World Tooley

225BC Egypt Globe diameter 25K miles Eratosthenes of Cyrene/Library of Alexandria Trager

287-212BC Greece Archimedes applied math/volumes Physical principles related volume/density

250BC-100AD North America plains/woods Horticultural economies emerge AMNH

300BC Sonora desert Hohokam culture colonized Construct irrigation complex /Salt River Valley AMNH

300BC China Great Wall constructed/guarded Largest single human artifact/stifles invaders - AMNH

300BC Greece/Alexandria Egypt Euclidian Geometry evolved Mathematical and Scientific logical format fixed

300BC Alps Glacial terminus Ladurie

331BC Mesopotamia/Babylon Alexander the Great conquers the region Macedonians occupy and ignore History

332BC Alexandria Egypt City/Library founded Greatest compilation of knowledge begun

396BC Syracuse, Sicily Smallpox epidemic Cartaginian Army afflicted in seige Trager

430-29BC Piraeus/Athens Epidemic Possible scarlet fever kills 1/3-2/3 Trager

444 BC Greek travellers Heroditus' History Enlarged World View/Geographic Facts Tooley

500BC Greece Pythogorian Geometry Mathematical reasoning/arguments intensify

500BCE - 30CE Italy Roman Society forms as moodified Greco-culture - and begins expansion Christianity emerges under Augustus - Brief History of Roman Empire

c500BC Mississippi Watershed Flood Proxy Records/major decadal scale episodes "spawned by the export of extremely moist gulf air to midcontinental North America that was driven by natural same-time-scale oscillations in Gulf of Mexico ocean currents." Brown, Kennett, and Ingram

639BC Babylon Persians conquer the empire Babylonia then all of Mesopotamia falls intonew hands History

c600BC Greece Anaximander of Melitus' periplus World Map/Sailing Guide/Travel Times Tooley

609BC Assyria Assyria destroyed by New Babylomnians, under Nubuchadnezzor II Babylon achieved great power - Hanging Gardens built History

550-660BC Asia
All of Asia's existing major religions formulated -

Brief of Aryan Era influences
Confucius Philosophy; Taoism - by China's Lao-Tzu; Buddhism by India's Guatama; Jainism by Mahavira; Shinto - Japan - China Consolidates between 200BCE-200CE L.M. Boyd

600BC Rome Famines Small town/experiences food shortages Trager

650BC Assyria Assyrians create an empire Nineveh builds vast library History

698BC Mediaterranean Greeks colonize Population pressures=new needs Trager

900BC Alps Glacial Adv Ladurie

1000BC-800AD Ecuador Peninsula Major wet Period Coastal Peninsula Thrived Thompson2

1000BC-600AD Coastal Peru Major wet Period Coastal Culture thrives Thompson2

1000BC Western USA
Maximum moisture

No-Central&So America's Cultures thrive
Ecosystems change significantly - 1000BCE on - Global Pastoralism/Nomads Thrive Thompson et al.

c1000BC Mississippi Watershed Flood Proxy Records/major decadal scale episodes "spawned by the export of extremely moist gulf air to midcontinental North America that was driven by natural same-time-scale oscillations in Gulf of Mexico ocean currents." Brown, Kennett, and Ingram

1000BC Western Pacific Obsidian artifacts worked/traded Seafaring peoples PNG to Fiji traded AMNH

1000BC Egypt Crops reach high yields Unequalled until recent times Trager

1,100BC Mesopotamia Chaldeans migrate into region and eventually dominate Babylonia Warrior societies thrive - Greece's History initiated with Mesopotamia trade History

1141 BC Israel 1st documented plague Ark of the Covenent tale Trager

1064BC Egypt Nile fails to overflow - Famine 25-40 thousands died Nash

1199-1202BC Egypt Nile fails to overflow - Famine - tens of thousands flee to Arabia, Yemen, and Syria - to avoid cannibalism >100 thousands died, a record by Abdul Latif, physician of Bagdad, describes events Nash

1300BC Alps Glacial term. Ladurie

1320BC Egypt Geographic Mapping Records Turin Papyrus/Maps Gold mine Tooley

1400BC Near East Iron Age begins Tools and weapons advance Trager

1400BC Western Mediterranean Atlantic Bronze Age Contacts with Britain/France AMNH

1400BC Alps Glacial Adv Ladurie

1,500-0 BC China Cold period Permafrost records/reconstruction Feng et al.

1,595-0 BC Babylon over-run by Hittites from Turkey Cold period Permafrost records/reconstruction Feng et al.

~1500BC Mississippi Watershed Flood Proxy Records/major decadal scale episodes "spawned by the export of extremely moist gulf air to midcontinental North America that was driven by natural same-time-scale oscillations in Gulf of Mexico ocean currents." Brown, Kennett, and Ingram

1708BC Egypt Famine Tens of thousands died Nash

1950-1750BC Egypt Rhind papyrus/Cuneiform tablets Evidence of algebra/decimal system in use Grollier

2000BC North America plains/woods 1st seed plants domesticated AMNH

2000BC Minnesota Conifers retreat warm dry climate vs modern Ladurie

2000BC China Xia State formed War Chariot appears/bronze culture AMNH

2000BC Southeast Asia Bronze Age cultures emerge Major cultures arise/three regions - Brief 2000-1000BCE AMNH

2000BC Tigris/Euphrates Recolonized by Assyrians who eventually spread eastward to persian Gulf Enters a great period, Babylonia emerges Trager

2000BC Mesopotamia Serious salinization in south Shift of population northward results AMNH

c2200BC Constantinople Oldest Cadastral Map Codification of Locations/Management Implied Tooley

2200BC Alaska Glaciers retreat Smaller vs Modern extent Ladurie

25kaBP-2250BC; or Home:

Exported from 2200BC-399AD on 21/03/97 at 11:35:10 AM

Year	Locale	Event	Social Effects	Source
309AD	Roman Empire	Anthrax/look-alike	Population sharply reduced/5 yrs	Trager
300	Northern Andes / North Coast South America	Warm wet period in Andes Coastal regions dry	Tiahuanasco/Huari Cultures Thrive North Coastal Cultures collapse	Thompson2
256	Pontus/Black Sea	Pandemic Roman Plague	Deaths in Alexandria/Christian converts	Trager
253	Roman Empire	Plague	15 year episode	Trager
240-800	China	Cool period	Permafrost records/reconstruction	Yang EOS 2002
227	Mesopotamia	Parthians replacedby Sassanid Persians	Persians occupy until Islam born	History
200	Ptolemy	Geography	World is Round	Trager
189	Rome	Food shortages	Smallpox epidemic kills 2000/day	Trager
125	Africa/italy	Locusts/Famine/Plague	Nearly a million die/land abandoned	Trager
100-170 AD	Greece/Alexandria Egypt	Ptolemy/astronomer/Almagest	Geocentric Universe Equant point	Trager
150AD	Alexandria/Ptolemy	Geographic/Astronomic Theorist	Provided Basic thinking/held 1400 years	Tooley
100AD	North America plains/woods	Maize arrives on scene		AMNH
95AD	Rome region	Sever malaria develops	Continues 500 yrs/Campagna not cultivated	Trager
80AD	Roman Empire/China	Anthrax epidemic	Humans/horses/cattle die:Huns migrate west	Trager
79AD	Italy	Mt. Vesuvius erupts	Herculanium and Pompie destroyed
70AD	Rome	Food Panic	Adverese winds delay African grain ships	Trager
0-240AD	China	Warming period	Permafrost records/reconstruction	Feng et al. + New study Yang EOS 2002
~50BC-50AD	Mississippi Watershed	Flood Proxy Records/major decadal scale episodes	"spawned by the export of extremely moist gulf air to midcontinental North America that was driven by natural same-time-scale oscillations in Gulf of Mexico ocean currents."	Brown, Kennett, and Ingram
7BC	World	Population=250 million	Birth of Christianity	Trager
81BC	Japan	Ship building program	Initiated to improve access to sea foods	Trager
126BC	Mesopotamia/Babylon	Great cities essentially abindoned after Roman control region	Central Asian Parthians gain control	History
168BC-140BC	Greek Mediterranean	Romans sack Corinth	Rise of Roman Empire begins/defeat of Macedonia	AMNH
200BC	Alexandria/Erotosthenes	Sun Shadows/Alexandria/Syene	Calculates Circumference of World	Tooley
225BC	Egypt	Globe diameter 25K miles	Eratosthenes of Cyrene/Library of Alexandria	Trager
287-212BC	Greece	Archimedes applied math/volumes	Physical principles related volume/density
250BC-100AD	North America plains/woods	Horticultural economies emerge		AMNH
300BC	Sonora desert	Hohokam culture colonized	Construct irrigation complex /Salt River Valley	AMNH
300BC	China	Great Wall constructed/guarded	Largest single human artifact/stifles invaders -	AMNH
300BC	Greece/Alexandria Egypt	Euclidian Geometry evolved	Mathematical and Scientific logical format fixed
300BC	Alps	Glacial terminus		Ladurie
331BC	Mesopotamia/Babylon	Alexander the Great conquers the region	Macedonians occupy and ignore	History
332BC	Alexandria Egypt	City/Library founded	Greatest compilation of knowledge begun
396BC	Syracuse, Sicily	Smallpox epidemic	Cartaginian Army afflicted in seige	Trager
430-29BC	Piraeus/Athens	Epidemic	Possible scarlet fever kills 1/3-2/3	Trager
444 BC	Greek travellers	Heroditus' History	Enlarged World View/Geographic Facts	Tooley
500BC	Greece	Pythogorian Geometry	Mathematical reasoning/arguments intensify
500BCE - 30CE	Italy	Roman Society forms as moodified Greco-culture - and begins expansion	Christianity emerges under Augustus - Brief History of Roman Empire
c500BC	Mississippi Watershed	Flood Proxy Records/major decadal scale episodes	"spawned by the export of extremely moist gulf air to midcontinental North America that was driven by natural same-time-scale oscillations in Gulf of Mexico ocean currents."	Brown, Kennett, and Ingram
639BC	Babylon	Persians conquer the empire	Babylonia then all of Mesopotamia falls intonew hands	History
c600BC	Greece	Anaximander of Melitus' periplus	World Map/Sailing Guide/Travel Times	Tooley
609BC	Assyria	Assyria destroyed by New Babylomnians, under Nubuchadnezzor II	Babylon achieved great power - Hanging Gardens built	History
550-660BC	Asia	All of Asia's existing major religions formulated - Brief of Aryan Era influences	Confucius Philosophy; Taoism - by China's Lao-Tzu; Buddhism by India's Guatama; Jainism by Mahavira; Shinto - Japan - China Consolidates between 200BCE-200CE	L.M. Boyd
600BC	Rome	Famines	Small town/experiences food shortages	Trager
650BC	Assyria	Assyrians create an empire	Nineveh builds vast library	History
698BC	Mediaterranean	Greeks colonize	Population pressures=new needs	Trager
900BC	Alps	Glacial Adv		Ladurie
1000BC-800AD	Ecuador Peninsula	Major wet Period	Coastal Peninsula Thrived	Thompson2
1000BC-600AD	Coastal Peru	Major wet Period	Coastal Culture thrives	Thompson2
1000BC	Western USA	Maximum moisture No-Central&So America's Cultures thrive	Ecosystems change significantly - 1000BCE on - Global Pastoralism/Nomads Thrive	Thompson et al.
c1000BC	Mississippi Watershed	Flood Proxy Records/major decadal scale episodes	"spawned by the export of extremely moist gulf air to midcontinental North America that was driven by natural same-time-scale oscillations in Gulf of Mexico ocean currents."	Brown, Kennett, and Ingram
1000BC	Western Pacific	Obsidian artifacts worked/traded	Seafaring peoples PNG to Fiji traded	AMNH
1000BC	Egypt	Crops reach high yields	Unequalled until recent times	Trager
1,100BC	Mesopotamia	Chaldeans migrate into region and eventually dominate Babylonia	Warrior societies thrive - Greece's History initiated with Mesopotamia trade	History
1141 BC	Israel	1st documented plague	Ark of the Covenent tale	Trager
1064BC	Egypt	Nile fails to overflow - Famine	25-40 thousands died	Nash
1199-1202BC	Egypt	Nile fails to overflow - Famine - tens of thousands flee to Arabia, Yemen, and Syria - to avoid cannibalism	>100 thousands died, a record by Abdul Latif, physician of Bagdad, describes events	Nash
1300BC	Alps	Glacial term.		Ladurie
1320BC	Egypt	Geographic Mapping Records	Turin Papyrus/Maps Gold mine	Tooley
1400BC	Near East	Iron Age begins	Tools and weapons advance	Trager
1400BC	Western Mediterranean	Atlantic Bronze Age	Contacts with Britain/France	AMNH
1400BC	Alps	Glacial Adv		Ladurie
1,500-0 BC	China	Cold period	Permafrost records/reconstruction	Feng et al.
1,595-0 BC	Babylon over-run by Hittites from Turkey	Cold period	Permafrost records/reconstruction	Feng et al.
~1500BC	Mississippi Watershed	Flood Proxy Records/major decadal scale episodes	"spawned by the export of extremely moist gulf air to midcontinental North America that was driven by natural same-time-scale oscillations in Gulf of Mexico ocean currents."	Brown, Kennett, and Ingram
1708BC	Egypt	Famine	Tens of thousands died	Nash
1950-1750BC	Egypt	Rhind papyrus/Cuneiform tablets	Evidence of algebra/decimal system in use	Grollier
2000BC	North America plains/woods	1st seed plants domesticated		AMNH
2000BC	Minnesota	Conifers retreat	warm dry climate vs modern	Ladurie
2000BC	China	Xia State formed	War Chariot appears/bronze culture	AMNH
2000BC	Southeast Asia	Bronze Age cultures emerge	Major cultures arise/three regions - Brief 2000-1000BCE	AMNH
2000BC	Tigris/Euphrates	Recolonized by Assyrians who eventually spread eastward to persian Gulf	Enters a great period, Babylonia emerges	Trager
2000BC	Mesopotamia	Serious salinization in south	Shift of population northward results	AMNH
c2200BC	Constantinople	Oldest Cadastral Map	Codification of Locations/Management Implied	Tooley
2200BC	Alaska	Glaciers retreat	Smaller vs Modern extent	Ladurie