25000BP-2250BC

25ka BP - 2300 BC

Home or 2005 Onward: 2001-2004; 1998-2000;1991-1997;1977-1990; 1967-1976; 1953-1966; 1930-1952;1896-1929;1864-1895; 1817-1863; 1739-1816; 1671-1738; 1600-1670; 1531-1599;1295-1529; 400-1294; 2200BC-309AD; 25ka-2250BP; 4.6Billion - 36kaBP

Year Locale Event Social Effects Source

2200-2250BC Aegean Region Drought and Cooling returns -Population moves from Anatolia Cycladic Isles/Greek Mainland colonized AMNH

2297 China Yellow River floods Drowned tens of thousands immediately... Nash

2300BC Indus Valley Rice cultivated Irrigations/flood cycles Trager

2333BC Korea Korea's earliest civilization Choson founded by Tan-Gun History

2,350-2,150BC Mesopotamia 1st Legal codes/Ur burials Akkadian Nation State/Cuneiform writing AMNH

2475BC Central America Maize domesticated Potatoes grown in So. America Trager

2500 BC Indus River valley Mohenjo-Daro/Harappa River based agriculture/civilizations thrive Trager

~2700BC Mississippi Watershed Flood Proxy Records/major decadal scale episodes "spawned by the export of extremely moist gulf air to midcontinental North America that was driven by natural same-time-scale oscillations in Gulf of Mexico ocean currents." Brown, Kennett, and Ingram

2800 BC Sumeria Great Flood 11 ft silt layer, mass deaths, 1st epic story Trager

2900-2350BC Mesopotamia Babylon under Hammurabi the Great conquers Sumeria, Era City States/Ur burials Major military campaigns/Temples/Palaces AMNH

3000BC Mediterranean 1st City of Troy Early Bronze Age/Aegean region/Copper to west AMNH

3000 BC Egypt 1st calender system Nile flood cycle=Solar year, 2 million people Trager

3000BC Sudan & Rio Cuarto Argentina
Sudan's the Meidob volcanoes erupted about 3000BC and 3050BC - and it has been hypothesized that a large asteroid hit near Rio Cuarto in central
Argentina about that same time..
Volcanic ash could have been
dispersed into both hemispheres. Re asteroid events

~3000-3050BC Volcanic eru Thermal Max ends Climatic Optimum ends Ladurie

3200-3000BC Near east 200 year drought returns Late URUK Society, colonies of dry-farmers Collapses
Weiss & Bradley

Science 291 (26 Jan 2001)

3000BC World Population=100 million Ý Trager

4000-3000BC Europe Climate Optimal Holm oak spreads northward Ladurie

3500 BC Andes/Mexico Alpaca/cotton/avaocados Domestications/agricultural societies emerge Trager

3500BC Tigris/Euphrates Boats/oars/sails Commerce between regions Trager

3500BC Tigris/Euphrates Sumerian culture segments Harness animals, bronze tools, priests, etc. Trager

3500-2900BC Uruk/Jemdet Nasr Northern Mesopotamia. Irrigation Canal System devised to support regional irrigation/agriculture Ziggurats/temples/script Cereal-based irrigation agriculture thrives w canal transport/Monumental art/Sculptures/1st script AMNH

3600BC SW Asia Bronze tools 1st lasting cutting edges Trager

4000BC Eastern North America Climate ameliorates River valleys and lakes formed AMNH

4000BC Indus valleys Grains, mangoes, dates Raised on irrigated fields Trager

4000BC Mesopotamia Wheel in use Ý AMNH

4000BC Egypt Papyrus/event records Historical records of events/commerce begin - Brief of 4000-1000BCE Trager

4000BC Western USA Warmer summers/cooler winters More moisture from Gulf of Mexico Ý

4000 BC Pan-civilization End of Stone Age Metals used for ornaments, tools, weapons Trager

c4200BC MagdeburgKolnLiÈge Optimal Climate 1st European cereal cultivated Trager

4350BC Derivka, Ukraine Horse is domesticated New source of power/agriculture Ladurie

4500BC Mesopotamia Plow invented Agricultural Revolution AMNH

5000BC Nile River Margins begin to dry out Egyptians build dikes/channels Prager

5000-3000BC Atlantic Thermal Max onset Ocean heat apex reached Ladurie

5000BC China Silk Worm Images on Ivory Cup from Yangtze River region Chronology Silk Road Silk Road Fndtn

5000BC Persia Domestic cattle common Meat and Milk in diet Trager

5000BC Japan Jomon Pottery Begins Hunter/gatherer culture Arch.

5500BC Persia Copper smelting begins Tools too soft to hold edge Trager

5500BC So. Mesopotamia Sumerians settle in Region build citiesUr, Lugash & Babylon Invent irrigation, written language, and the wheel - first used in pottery making Arch.

5500BC Mesopotamia First settled villages Small scale irrigation/Urban Revolution begins AMNH

5600BC The Role and Opportunities Mesopotamia provided during the last Degalciationneed to be put into perspective
The Great Deluge!

The Black Sea and surrounding area flooded with salt water by the breaching of a narrow strip of land by the rising Mediteranian Sea to create the Strait of Bosporus
In 1996, marine geologists William Ryan and Walter Pitman published a scientifically popular hypothesis, titled Noah's Flood Hypothesis. The researchers presented evidence of a bursting flood about 7,500 years ago in what is now the Black Sea. This, some say, supports the biblical story of Noah and the flood. Genetics of Surname Origins Project(s)

6-1,500 BC China Warm period Permafrost records/reconstruction Feng et al.

6000BC Minnesota Conifer bgn retreat Warm dry vs modern Trager

6000BC Korea Turkic-Manchurian-Mongol people migrate from China Settlements are agriculturally based History

6000-700BC North America plains/woods Hunter gatherer cultures evident Seasonal migrations within region AMNH

6,000 BC Asia/Greece Agriculture spreads Pottery/flax, oxen indicate storage/planning Trager

6,400-6,200BC Levant/Nortern Mesopotamia 200 year drought resulting from Continental Ice-sheet Melts and resulting flooding of North Atlantic Basin Agricultural settlements abandoned, until moistere conditions returned, and alluvial plains were resettled
Weiss & Bradley

Science 291 (26 Jan 2001)

6,5-6,300BC Tigris/Euphrates Wheel invented Facilitates construction, speeds transport Trager

10,000 BC Middle East Goats domesticated Controlled, mobile food supply Trager

6500 BC Tigris/Euphrates Sumerian Culture thrives Irrigation, services appear Trager

7,000 BC Egypt, Iraq, Levant Structured societies City States emerge, "Civilization" thrives Trager

7,000 BC Western USA SW wetter/NW drier/Calif. not SW Pacific warm wet summers/Cal dry cool Ý

7100BC Alaska Glaciers retreat Smaller vs Modern extent Ladurie

7700BC Euphrates/Tigris/Nile Sheep domesticated Wool/Meat/Milk Trager

8-6,500 BC China Warming period Permafrost records/reconstruction Feng et al.

8,000BC Talasea, New Britain Obsidian quarried/worked Start of obsidian trade Pacific Isles ANHS

8,000 BC Euphrates/Tigris/Nile Agriculture Thrives Water needs met, Urbanization begins Trager

8,000 BC Europe Postglacial improvements Fish, shellfish, geese, honey are eaten Trager

9,000 BC Middle East Agriculture begins Stable settlements form Trager

10,000 BC Northern Latitudes Laps/inuits colonize Migratory, herders/hunters extend ranges Trager

10,000 BC Middle East Goats domesticated Controlled, mobile food supply Trager

10,000 BC Southeast Asia Younger Dryas Climate Change, shifts region from arid steppe environment to warm wet winters, and hot dry summers Natufian culture drops hunting and gathering, to take up subsistence agriculture and animal husbandry Weiss & Bradley - Science 291 (26 Jan 2001)

10,000 BC Global Glaciers recede Seasons change, Solar warming intense - Brief of 10,000-4-000BCE Ladurie

12,000 BC Spain El Juyo, cave discovered by team First known religious sanctuary H&B

14,000 BP Asia/Europe Dog domesticated Hunting partners ? Trager

c15,600 BP Great Flood 130 ft sea level rise North western Hemisphere Ice sheet melts Trager

12,000 BP Western USA warming/cool, wet environment Vegetation distribution shifting/next epoch Thompson et al.

18,000 BP Western USA 6-11C colder/wetter environment Vegetation distribution=Wisconsin Maxima Thompson et al.

20,000 BP Europe An Elegantly carved ivory horse was found in a cave in Germany and is dated at about the same time as the mammoth paintings of Vallon Pont D'arc cave in France, 30,000 BC.
Domestication of the Horse

is still Under Discussion
by T.R.Holme.

20-30,000 BP

Africa/Europe

Paleolithic Art
African Animals European

25,000BP Global Most recent ICE AGE 2nd Wave Humans Migrate/Australia/New World Trager

4.6 Billion - 36ka BP; or Home:

Exported from 2500BP-2250BC.wkz on 21/03/97 at 11:40:23 AM

Year	Locale	Event	Social Effects	Source
2200-2250BC	Aegean Region	Drought and Cooling returns -Population moves from Anatolia	Cycladic Isles/Greek Mainland colonized	AMNH
2297	China	Yellow River floods	Drowned tens of thousands immediately...	Nash
2300BC	Indus Valley	Rice cultivated	Irrigations/flood cycles	Trager
2333BC	Korea	Korea's earliest civilization	Choson founded by Tan-Gun	History
2,350-2,150BC	Mesopotamia	1st Legal codes/Ur burials	Akkadian Nation State/Cuneiform writing	AMNH
2475BC	Central America	Maize domesticated	Potatoes grown in So. America	Trager
2500 BC	Indus River valley	Mohenjo-Daro/Harappa	River based agriculture/civilizations thrive	Trager
~2700BC	Mississippi Watershed	Flood Proxy Records/major decadal scale episodes	"spawned by the export of extremely moist gulf air to midcontinental North America that was driven by natural same-time-scale oscillations in Gulf of Mexico ocean currents."	Brown, Kennett, and Ingram
2800 BC	Sumeria	Great Flood	11 ft silt layer, mass deaths, 1st epic story	Trager
2900-2350BC	Mesopotamia	Babylon under Hammurabi the Great conquers Sumeria, Era City States/Ur burials	Major military campaigns/Temples/Palaces	AMNH
3000BC	Mediterranean	1st City of Troy	Early Bronze Age/Aegean region/Copper to west	AMNH
3000 BC	Egypt	1st calender system	Nile flood cycle=Solar year, 2 million people	Trager
3000BC	Sudan & Rio Cuarto Argentina	Sudan's the Meidob volcanoes erupted about 3000BC and 3050BC - and it has been hypothesized that a large asteroid hit near Rio Cuarto in central Argentina about that same time..	Volcanic ash could have been dispersed into both hemispheres.	Re asteroid events
~3000-3050BC	Volcanic eru	Thermal Max ends	Climatic Optimum ends	Ladurie
3200-3000BC	Near east	200 year drought returns	Late URUK Society, colonies of dry-farmers Collapses	Weiss & Bradley Science 291 (26 Jan 2001)
3000BC	World	Population=100 million	Ý	Trager
4000-3000BC	Europe	Climate Optimal	Holm oak spreads northward	Ladurie
3500 BC	Andes/Mexico	Alpaca/cotton/avaocados	Domestications/agricultural societies emerge	Trager
3500BC	Tigris/Euphrates	Boats/oars/sails	Commerce between regions	Trager
3500BC	Tigris/Euphrates	Sumerian culture segments	Harness animals, bronze tools, priests, etc.	Trager
3500-2900BC	Uruk/Jemdet Nasr Northern Mesopotamia.	Irrigation Canal System devised to support regional irrigation/agriculture Ziggurats/temples/script	Cereal-based irrigation agriculture thrives w canal transport/Monumental art/Sculptures/1st script	AMNH
3600BC	SW Asia	Bronze tools	1st lasting cutting edges	Trager
4000BC	Eastern North America	Climate ameliorates	River valleys and lakes formed	AMNH
4000BC	Indus valleys	Grains, mangoes, dates	Raised on irrigated fields	Trager
4000BC	Mesopotamia	Wheel in use	Ý	AMNH
4000BC	Egypt	Papyrus/event records	Historical records of events/commerce begin - Brief of 4000-1000BCE	Trager
4000BC	Western USA	Warmer summers/cooler winters	More moisture from Gulf of Mexico	Ý
4000 BC	Pan-civilization	End of Stone Age	Metals used for ornaments, tools, weapons	Trager
c4200BC	MagdeburgKolnLiÈge	Optimal Climate	1st European cereal cultivated	Trager
4350BC	Derivka, Ukraine	Horse is domesticated	New source of power/agriculture	Ladurie
4500BC	Mesopotamia	Plow invented	Agricultural Revolution	AMNH
5000BC	Nile River	Margins begin to dry out	Egyptians build dikes/channels	Prager
5000-3000BC	Atlantic	Thermal Max onset	Ocean heat apex reached	Ladurie
5000BC	China	Silk Worm Images on Ivory Cup from Yangtze River region	Chronology Silk Road	Silk Road Fndtn
5000BC	Persia	Domestic cattle common	Meat and Milk in diet	Trager
5000BC	Japan	Jomon Pottery Begins	Hunter/gatherer culture	Arch.
5500BC	Persia	Copper smelting begins	Tools too soft to hold edge	Trager
5500BC	So. Mesopotamia	Sumerians settle in Region build citiesUr, Lugash & Babylon	Invent irrigation, written language, and the wheel - first used in pottery making	Arch.
5500BC	Mesopotamia	First settled villages	Small scale irrigation/Urban Revolution begins	AMNH
5600BC	The Role and Opportunities Mesopotamia provided during the last Degalciationneed to be put into perspective	The Great Deluge! The Black Sea and surrounding area flooded with salt water by the breaching of a narrow strip of land by the rising Mediteranian Sea to create the Strait of Bosporus	In 1996, marine geologists William Ryan and Walter Pitman published a scientifically popular hypothesis, titled Noah's Flood Hypothesis. The researchers presented evidence of a bursting flood about 7,500 years ago in what is now the Black Sea. This, some say, supports the biblical story of Noah and the flood.	Genetics of Surname Origins Project(s)
6-1,500 BC	China	Warm period	Permafrost records/reconstruction	Feng et al.
6000BC	Minnesota	Conifer bgn retreat	Warm dry vs modern	Trager
6000BC	Korea	Turkic-Manchurian-Mongol people migrate from China	Settlements are agriculturally based	History
6000-700BC	North America plains/woods	Hunter gatherer cultures evident	Seasonal migrations within region	AMNH
6,000 BC	Asia/Greece	Agriculture spreads	Pottery/flax, oxen indicate storage/planning	Trager
6,400-6,200BC	Levant/Nortern Mesopotamia	200 year drought resulting from Continental Ice-sheet Melts and resulting flooding of North Atlantic Basin	Agricultural settlements abandoned, until moistere conditions returned, and alluvial plains were resettled	Weiss & Bradley Science 291 (26 Jan 2001)
6,5-6,300BC	Tigris/Euphrates	Wheel invented	Facilitates construction, speeds transport	Trager
10,000 BC	Middle East	Goats domesticated	Controlled, mobile food supply	Trager
6500 BC	Tigris/Euphrates	Sumerian Culture thrives	Irrigation, services appear	Trager
7,000 BC	Egypt, Iraq, Levant	Structured societies	City States emerge, "Civilization" thrives	Trager
7,000 BC	Western USA	SW wetter/NW drier/Calif. not	SW Pacific warm wet summers/Cal dry cool	Ý
7100BC	Alaska	Glaciers retreat	Smaller vs Modern extent	Ladurie
7700BC	Euphrates/Tigris/Nile	Sheep domesticated	Wool/Meat/Milk	Trager
8-6,500 BC	China	Warming period	Permafrost records/reconstruction	Feng et al.
8,000BC	Talasea, New Britain	Obsidian quarried/worked	Start of obsidian trade Pacific Isles	ANHS
8,000 BC	Euphrates/Tigris/Nile	Agriculture Thrives	Water needs met, Urbanization begins	Trager
8,000 BC	Europe	Postglacial improvements	Fish, shellfish, geese, honey are eaten	Trager
9,000 BC	Middle East	Agriculture begins	Stable settlements form	Trager
10,000 BC	Northern Latitudes	Laps/inuits colonize	Migratory, herders/hunters extend ranges	Trager
10,000 BC	Middle East	Goats domesticated	Controlled, mobile food supply	Trager
10,000 BC	Southeast Asia	Younger Dryas Climate Change, shifts region from arid steppe environment to warm wet winters, and hot dry summers	Natufian culture drops hunting and gathering, to take up subsistence agriculture and animal husbandry	Weiss & Bradley - Science 291 (26 Jan 2001)
10,000 BC	Global	Glaciers recede	Seasons change, Solar warming intense - Brief of 10,000-4-000BCE	Ladurie
12,000 BC	Spain	El Juyo, cave discovered by team	First known religious sanctuary	H&B
14,000 BP	Asia/Europe	Dog domesticated	Hunting partners ?	Trager
c15,600 BP	Great Flood	130 ft sea level rise	North western Hemisphere Ice sheet melts	Trager
12,000 BP	Western USA	warming/cool, wet environment	Vegetation distribution shifting/next epoch	Thompson et al.
18,000 BP	Western USA	6-11C colder/wetter environment	Vegetation distribution=Wisconsin Maxima	Thompson et al.
20,000 BP	Europe	An Elegantly carved ivory horse was found in a cave in Germany and is dated at about the same time as the mammoth paintings of Vallon Pont D'arc cave in France, 30,000 BC.	Domestication of the Horse is still Under Discussion	by T.R.Holme.
20-30,000 BP	Africa/Europe	Paleolithic Art	African Animals European
25,000BP	Global	Most recent ICE AGE	2nd Wave Humans Migrate/Australia/New World	Trager