400-1294AD

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Year Locale Event Social Effects Source

1294 England Britain's Grains thrive Sold to European Continent/Local Famines England Trager

~1290 Florence Renaissance End of Medeival Period Trager

1287 Holland Severe Flooding - Destruction and >80,000 died due to widespread inundation . O.Pettersson

1285 London Smog due to Coal burning Rats thrive/Plague endemic Trager

1279 China Era of Division (220- 589 C.E.) the period of political disunity, the Confucian bureaucracy lost its primacy, aristocratic elites regained
temporary dominance, and Buddhism entered China. Reunification and Renaissance in Chinese Civilization: The Era of the Tang and Song Dynasties - ended in 1279 with the Mongol invasion. History

1250 Fabriano. Italy 1st Water powered paper mill Paper replaces parchment as costs drop Burke

1270-1312 England Very Dry period 1270-1312 Ladurie

1200s Korea Ghengis Khan's Mongols occupied Korea during two unsuccessful attempts to invade Japan General Climate transition grips Asia & surrounding regions - creating opportunities for invasions. History

1258 Muslim Arabic Empire Mongols defeat the near powerless region Mongols neglect and region deteriorates more... History

1235-58 England/Germany/Italy/Ireland Crop Failures/Famine 20,000 die in London, alone... Nash/Trager

1250 SW desert NoAm Mogollon culture eclipsed Culture is displaced by Hohokam ANHM

1250 No. Germany/Denmark Hanseatic League extends Changes in Ecosystems' production=regional trading Trager

1250 Asia/rule/Khublai Khan Mongolian Empire Strong Mongols destroy Tigris/Euph. irrigation system Trager

1246, 48, 49, 57 Holland Severe Flooding - Lucas Destruction and Displacement due to inundation widespread. O.Pettersson

1200s SW USA 30 year Drought/Cold Anasazi civilization abandons region Mark Brenner, 2001

1234 Korea First movable metal type invented Print becomes durable, reusable History

1241 North German trading Hanseatic League forms European commerce via organized trade Braudel

1240-90 Baltic Herring Collapse Trade/Fishing Opportunities arise in North Sea Trager/Braudel

1235 England Crop Failures/Famine 20,000 die in London, alone... Nash

1232 Germany Severe Flooding Destruction and Displacement due to inundation widespread. Hoyt

1219 Holland Severe Flooding - Marcellus Destruction and Displacement due to inundation widespread. O.Pettersson

1215 Alps Glacial Adv Ý Ladurie

1215 England Magna Carta Signed Individual Rights/Land Ownership
Historical

1231 Japan famine Children sold into slavery Trager

c1200-1450 No. Coastal Peru Chinor Empire Builds Coastal Region Sustains Agriculture/Fishing Thompson2

1206 - 1405 Mongol China Beginning with the Mongol conquests in the thirteenth century, they imposed peace on the regions they enabled the establishment of a Eurasian-wide system of trade and
cultural exchange. The Last Nomadic Challenges: From Chinggis Khan to Timur History

1203 British Isles/Germany/Poland Crop Failures/Famine Cheap Balkan grains change economics Trager

1200-1597 Britain/Europe Wood wainscotting/Tapestries Warmed/Adorned Walls/Book copying year round Burke

1199-1202 Egypt Nile fails to rise Crop failures famine, cannibalism, 100,000 die Nash

1193-96 England/France Incessant rains Famine, pestilence/fevers Nash

1185 Camp 100 cold "Little Ice Age Begins ?" Ladurie

1185 England 1st Recorded Fireplace Chimney Changed architecture/social practices Burke

1151-52 Europe/Palestine Drought Famine Nash

1141-51 England Drought Famine Nash

1150-1380 Tibetan Plateau Warming period Permafrost records/reconstruction Yang EOS 2002

1125 Camp 100 Medieval warm (end) Ý Ladurie

1000 SW desert NoAm Mogollon culture in decline Droughts, overworked land cause hardships AMNH

c1100 Southern California Bight Coastal Ocean production declines Pelagic fish/scales decline/ become more erratic Soutar et al.

1100-1150 Tibetan Plateau Cooler period Permafrost records/reconstruction Yang EOS 2002

1096 Palestine 1st Crusade Excess population, agression/religious Trager

1086 China 1st reference Compass/Navigation Shen Ku's Dream Pool essays H&B

1066 England 14th October, at the Battle of Hastings, King Harold was defeated by his rival for the English crown, William Duke of Normandy. After securing Dover, William took Canterbury and struck into Surrey and Berkshire before entering London. He was crowned on Christmas Day 1066 in Westminster Abbey.
Norman Conquest ravaged northern counties, Norman knights on horseback dominated English foot soldiers. This battle marked the end of the Saxon era.

No field workers for 9 years - Famines resulted &

>50 thousands died
Nash

1055 China/western map Oldest Known Map printed 1st rockets developed H&B

c 1050 Ecuador Sta Elena Peninsula Highland Dry Period Begins Libertad Culture Begins to Build Thompson/2

c 1050 So. Coastal Peru Highland Dry Period Begins Coastal Cultures Begin to Rebuild Thompson/2

1046 England Severest Winter in memory February cold kills/stock/fish/people AngSaxChron

1051-1270 China Longest recorded dry spell
(Shift Happens)

Feng et al.

1035 China Painting of Spinning Wheel H&B

1000 SW desert NoAm Pueblo culture evolves Some evidence for Anasazi to Pueblo shift AMNH

1000-1500CE Postclassic Mesoamerica The most important of the Mesoamerican civilizations were those of the Toltecs and Aztecs. Some evidence for Anasazi to Pueblo shift AMNH

982-985 Greenland/Vikings Eric the Red sets up camp/colonize
The Americas on the Eve of Invasion
History

980 Camp 100 warm Ý Ladurie

968 Egypt Nile fails to rise 600,000 die Nash

811-1050 China Longest recorded wet spell Feng et al.

950-1100 Southern Canadian Rockies In North America, tree-ring chronologies from the southern Canadian Rockies have provided evidence for higher treelines and wider ring-widths suggesting warmer temperatures and more favorable growing
conditions (Luckman, 1994)
Similar results have been derived from tree-ring analyses of bristlecone pines in the White Mountains of California, where much
greater growth was recorded in the 11th and 12th centuries
(Leavitt, 1994).
CO2 Science

800-1200 Lake Titicaca Long Moderate Period Tiahuanaco Culture Thrived Thompson2

800-1100 North America plains/woods Maize agriculture dominates AMNH

800-1000 Coastal Ecuador End of Long Wet Period Coastal Peninsula Abandoned Thompson/2

800-1100 Europe Medieval Industrialization 1st Water wheels/cams/Mills/ Burke

800-1500 Europe Middle Age era - Feudalism, Churches, Governments Western Culture in the Postclassical Era History

800-1500 Africa Eurasian system of trade and exposed the emerging states of Africa to new concepts of religion, commerce, and political organization. African Civilizations and the Spread of Islam History

809 Charlemagne Empire Famine Trager

800s Mississippi Watershed Flood Proxy Records/major decadal scale episodes "spawned by the export of extremely moist gulf air to midcontinental North America that was driven by natural same-time-scale oscillations in Gulf of Mexico ocean currents." Brown, Kennett, and Ingram

800-1400 China Warming period Permafrost records/reconstruction Yang EOS 2002

~950 Abbasid Asia Territory Mongol Army conquers Abbasids Expansion of Islam into South and Southeast Asia and Africa History

800-1100 Tibetan Plateau Warming period Permafrost records/reconstruction Yang EOS 2002

800-900 MesoAmerica Prolonged Severe Drought
Mayan Civilization collapses
Trager

806 Japan Famine Trager

750-1000AD SW desert NoAm Mimbres pottery appears Mogollon farmer culture peaks AMNH

752-800 Muslim Arabic Empire choses Capital - Baghdad Baghdad grows to million people, Mesopotamia speak Arabic and worship Allah Arabs reach new heights of science and culture, and trade. History

750 Alps Glacial term. Ý Ladurie

750 Iberian Peninsula Famine then Plague Trager

746-49 Constantinople Plague/spreads to Calabria, Greece and Sicily Worst since 415 seige Trager/Nash

700-1000 High Colorado Plateau Anasazi culture blossoms Pit dwellings/Chaco phenomenon evolves AMNH

700-1350 North American Southwest Desert, South America, Scandinavia, New Zealand and Alaska Analyses of bristlecone pines in the White Mountains of California, showed greater growth was recorded in the 11th and 12th centuries
(Leavitt, 1994). By analyzing 13C/12C ratios in the rings of these trees, it was also found that soil moisture conditions were more favorable in this region during the Medieval Warm Period (Leavitt, 1994). Simultaneous increases in precipitation were additionally found to have occurred in monsoonal locations of the United States desert southwest, where there are indications of increased lake levels from A.D. 700-1350 (Davis, 1994). Other data document vast glacial retreats during the Medieval Warm Period in parts of South America, Scandinavia, New Zealand and Alaska (Grove and Switsur,
1994; Villalba, 1994); and ocean-bed cores suggest global sea surface temperatures were warmer then as well (Keigwin, 1996a, 1996b). CO2 Science

~650 Peru Highlands Prolonged Wet Period Begins Huari Cultures Thrive Thompson2

644 Japan Famine
Ý
Trager

642 Alexandria Egypt Moslems sack/burn city Great library/500,000 scrolls lost
History

637 Mesopotamia
Arab Muslims began era of conquests

Birth of Islam 622AD
Defeated Sassanids, and begin expansion that reaches from Spain to China by 8th Century - The Rise and Spread of Islam History

610 Camp 100 Medieval warm (begins) Ý Ladurie

~600 So. Peru Coast End of Wet Period/30 year drought Coastal Culture Abandons Region Thompson2

590 Rome Plague Subsides quickly Trager

558 Byzantine Empire Plague Heavy loss of life Trager

542 Europe Rats spread out Plague from Syria/Egypt spreads Trager

541 Egypt/Roman/Byzantium Bubonic Plague 5-10000/day die/agriculture halts Trager

536 Mediterranean "Dry Fog" Volcanic Dust causes most severe winter Trager

533-1453 Byzantine Empire - Eastern Mediterranean & North Africa Emperor Justinian (d565) attempted to restore the unity of the ancient Mediterranean. The Islamic explosion of the seventh century resulted in the loss of the empire's eastern provinces The Spread of Civilization in Eastern Europe History

479 Sicily Mount Etna Eruption First Historical Record H/B

476 Rome End of Roman Empire Last Emperor/Romulus Augustulus/dethroned AMNH

450-452 Italy Famine/Attila the Hun/retreats Epidemic causes Attila to cease seige of Rome Trager

400-500 Europe Collapse of Roman Empire Germanic tribes migrated south/east/colonized AMNH

400 Alps Glacial Adv Europe cooler Ladurie

200-700
Global Stressful Times - Asia's Political Evolution - The Spread of Chinese Civilization: Korea, Japan and Vietnam & into the 20th Century Classical Cultural era Ends Ladurie

2200BC-309AD; or Home:

Exported from 400-1294AD on 24/03/97 at 18:44:56 PM

Year	Locale	Event	Social Effects	Source
1294	England	Britain's Grains thrive	Sold to European Continent/Local Famines England	Trager
~1290	Florence	Renaissance	End of Medeival Period	Trager
1287	Holland	Severe Flooding -	Destruction and >80,000 died due to widespread inundation .	O.Pettersson
1285	London	Smog due to Coal burning	Rats thrive/Plague endemic	Trager
1279	China	Era of Division (220- 589 C.E.) the period of political disunity, the Confucian bureaucracy lost its primacy, aristocratic elites regained temporary dominance, and Buddhism entered China.	Reunification and Renaissance in Chinese Civilization: The Era of the Tang and Song Dynasties - ended in 1279 with the Mongol invasion.	History
1250	Fabriano. Italy	1st Water powered paper mill	Paper replaces parchment as costs drop	Burke
1270-1312	England	Very Dry period	1270-1312	Ladurie
1200s	Korea	Ghengis Khan's Mongols occupied Korea during two unsuccessful attempts to invade Japan	General Climate transition grips Asia & surrounding regions - creating opportunities for invasions.	History
1258	Muslim Arabic Empire	Mongols defeat the near powerless region	Mongols neglect and region deteriorates more...	History
1235-58	England/Germany/Italy/Ireland	Crop Failures/Famine	20,000 die in London, alone...	Nash/Trager
1250	SW desert NoAm	Mogollon culture eclipsed	Culture is displaced by Hohokam	ANHM
1250	No. Germany/Denmark	Hanseatic League extends	Changes in Ecosystems' production=regional trading	Trager
1250	Asia/rule/Khublai Khan	Mongolian Empire Strong	Mongols destroy Tigris/Euph. irrigation system	Trager
1246, 48, 49, 57	Holland	Severe Flooding - Lucas	Destruction and Displacement due to inundation widespread.	O.Pettersson
1200s	SW USA	30 year Drought/Cold	Anasazi civilization abandons region	Mark Brenner, 2001
1234	Korea	First movable metal type invented	Print becomes durable, reusable	History
1241	North German trading	Hanseatic League forms	European commerce via organized trade	Braudel
1240-90	Baltic	Herring Collapse	Trade/Fishing Opportunities arise in North Sea	Trager/Braudel
1235	England	Crop Failures/Famine	20,000 die in London, alone...	Nash
1232	Germany	Severe Flooding	Destruction and Displacement due to inundation widespread.	Hoyt
1219	Holland	Severe Flooding - Marcellus	Destruction and Displacement due to inundation widespread.	O.Pettersson
1215	Alps	Glacial Adv	Ý	Ladurie
1215	England	Magna Carta Signed	Individual Rights/Land Ownership	Historical
1231	Japan	famine	Children sold into slavery	Trager
c1200-1450	No. Coastal Peru	Chinor Empire Builds	Coastal Region Sustains Agriculture/Fishing	Thompson2
1206 - 1405	Mongol China	Beginning with the Mongol conquests in the thirteenth century, they imposed peace on the regions they enabled the establishment of a Eurasian-wide system of trade and cultural exchange.	The Last Nomadic Challenges: From Chinggis Khan to Timur	History
1203	British Isles/Germany/Poland	Crop Failures/Famine	Cheap Balkan grains change economics	Trager
1200-1597	Britain/Europe	Wood wainscotting/Tapestries	Warmed/Adorned Walls/Book copying year round	Burke
1199-1202	Egypt	Nile fails to rise	Crop failures famine, cannibalism, 100,000 die	Nash
1193-96	England/France	Incessant rains	Famine, pestilence/fevers	Nash
1185	Camp 100	cold	"Little Ice Age Begins ?"	Ladurie
1185	England	1st Recorded Fireplace Chimney	Changed architecture/social practices	Burke
1151-52	Europe/Palestine	Drought	Famine	Nash
1141-51	England	Drought	Famine	Nash
1150-1380	Tibetan Plateau	Warming period	Permafrost records/reconstruction	Yang EOS 2002
1125	Camp 100	Medieval warm (end)	Ý	Ladurie
1000	SW desert NoAm	Mogollon culture in decline	Droughts, overworked land cause hardships	AMNH
c1100	Southern California Bight	Coastal Ocean production declines	Pelagic fish/scales decline/ become more erratic	Soutar et al.
1100-1150	Tibetan Plateau	Cooler period	Permafrost records/reconstruction	Yang EOS 2002
1096	Palestine	1st Crusade	Excess population, agression/religious	Trager
1086	China	1st reference Compass/Navigation	Shen Ku's Dream Pool essays	H&B
1066	England	14th October, at the Battle of Hastings, King Harold was defeated by his rival for the English crown, William Duke of Normandy. After securing Dover, William took Canterbury and struck into Surrey and Berkshire before entering London. He was crowned on Christmas Day 1066 in Westminster Abbey.	Norman Conquest ravaged northern counties, Norman knights on horseback dominated English foot soldiers. This battle marked the end of the Saxon era. No field workers for 9 years - Famines resulted & >50 thousands died	Nash
1055	China/western map	Oldest Known Map printed	1st rockets developed	H&B
c 1050	Ecuador Sta Elena Peninsula	Highland Dry Period Begins	Libertad Culture Begins to Build	Thompson/2
c 1050	So. Coastal Peru	Highland Dry Period Begins	Coastal Cultures Begin to Rebuild	Thompson/2
1046	England	Severest Winter in memory	February cold kills/stock/fish/people	AngSaxChron
1051-1270	China	Longest recorded dry spell	(Shift Happens)	Feng et al.
1035	China	Painting of Spinning Wheel		H&B
1000	SW desert NoAm	Pueblo culture evolves	Some evidence for Anasazi to Pueblo shift	AMNH
1000-1500CE	Postclassic Mesoamerica	The most important of the Mesoamerican civilizations were those of the Toltecs and Aztecs.	Some evidence for Anasazi to Pueblo shift	AMNH
982-985	Greenland/Vikings	Eric the Red sets up camp/colonize	The Americas on the Eve of Invasion	History
980	Camp 100	warm	Ý	Ladurie
968	Egypt	Nile fails to rise	600,000 die	Nash
811-1050	China	Longest recorded wet spell		Feng et al.
950-1100	Southern Canadian Rockies	In North America, tree-ring chronologies from the southern Canadian Rockies have provided evidence for higher treelines and wider ring-widths suggesting warmer temperatures and more favorable growing conditions (Luckman, 1994)	Similar results have been derived from tree-ring analyses of bristlecone pines in the White Mountains of California, where much greater growth was recorded in the 11th and 12th centuries (Leavitt, 1994).	CO2 Science

800-1200	Lake Titicaca	Long Moderate Period	Tiahuanaco Culture Thrived	Thompson2
800-1100	North America plains/woods	Maize agriculture dominates		AMNH
800-1000	Coastal Ecuador	End of Long Wet Period	Coastal Peninsula Abandoned	Thompson/2
800-1100	Europe	Medieval Industrialization	1st Water wheels/cams/Mills/	Burke
800-1500	Europe	Middle Age era - Feudalism, Churches, Governments	Western Culture in the Postclassical Era	History
800-1500	Africa	Eurasian system of trade and exposed the emerging states of Africa to new concepts of religion, commerce, and political organization.	African Civilizations and the Spread of Islam	History
809	Charlemagne Empire	Famine		Trager
800s	Mississippi Watershed	Flood Proxy Records/major decadal scale episodes	"spawned by the export of extremely moist gulf air to midcontinental North America that was driven by natural same-time-scale oscillations in Gulf of Mexico ocean currents."	Brown, Kennett, and Ingram
800-1400	China	Warming period	Permafrost records/reconstruction	Yang EOS 2002
~950	Abbasid Asia Territory	Mongol Army conquers Abbasids	Expansion of Islam into South and Southeast Asia and Africa	History
800-1100	Tibetan Plateau	Warming period	Permafrost records/reconstruction	Yang EOS 2002
800-900	MesoAmerica	Prolonged Severe Drought	Mayan Civilization collapses	Trager
806	Japan	Famine		Trager
750-1000AD	SW desert NoAm	Mimbres pottery appears	Mogollon farmer culture peaks	AMNH
752-800	Muslim Arabic Empire choses Capital - Baghdad	Baghdad grows to million people, Mesopotamia speak Arabic and worship Allah	Arabs reach new heights of science and culture, and trade.	History
750	Alps	Glacial term.	Ý	Ladurie
750	Iberian Peninsula	Famine then Plague		Trager
746-49	Constantinople	Plague/spreads to Calabria, Greece and Sicily	Worst since 415 seige	Trager/Nash
700-1000	High Colorado Plateau	Anasazi culture blossoms	Pit dwellings/Chaco phenomenon evolves	AMNH
700-1350	North American Southwest Desert, South America, Scandinavia, New Zealand and Alaska	Analyses of bristlecone pines in the White Mountains of California, showed greater growth was recorded in the 11th and 12th centuries (Leavitt, 1994). By analyzing 13C/12C ratios in the rings of these trees, it was also found that soil moisture conditions were more favorable in this region during the Medieval Warm Period (Leavitt, 1994). Simultaneous increases in precipitation were additionally found to have occurred in monsoonal locations of the United States desert southwest, where there are indications of increased lake levels from A.D. 700-1350 (Davis, 1994).	Other data document vast glacial retreats during the Medieval Warm Period in parts of South America, Scandinavia, New Zealand and Alaska (Grove and Switsur, 1994; Villalba, 1994); and ocean-bed cores suggest global sea surface temperatures were warmer then as well (Keigwin, 1996a, 1996b).	CO2 Science
~650	Peru Highlands	Prolonged Wet Period Begins	Huari Cultures Thrive	Thompson2
644	Japan	Famine	Ý	Trager
642	Alexandria Egypt	Moslems sack/burn city	Great library/500,000 scrolls lost	History
637	Mesopotamia	Arab Muslims began era of conquests Birth of Islam 622AD	Defeated Sassanids, and begin expansion that reaches from Spain to China by 8th Century - The Rise and Spread of Islam	History
610	Camp 100	Medieval warm (begins)	Ý	Ladurie
~600	So. Peru Coast	End of Wet Period/30 year drought	Coastal Culture Abandons Region	Thompson2
590	Rome	Plague	Subsides quickly	Trager
558	Byzantine Empire	Plague	Heavy loss of life	Trager
542	Europe	Rats spread out	Plague from Syria/Egypt spreads	Trager
541	Egypt/Roman/Byzantium	Bubonic Plague	5-10000/day die/agriculture halts	Trager
536	Mediterranean	"Dry Fog"	Volcanic Dust causes most severe winter	Trager
533-1453	Byzantine Empire - Eastern Mediterranean & North Africa	Emperor Justinian (d565) attempted to restore the unity of the ancient Mediterranean. The Islamic explosion of the seventh century resulted in the loss of the empire's eastern provinces	The Spread of Civilization in Eastern Europe	History
479	Sicily	Mount Etna Eruption	First Historical Record	H/B
476	Rome	End of Roman Empire	Last Emperor/Romulus Augustulus/dethroned	AMNH
450-452	Italy	Famine/Attila the Hun/retreats	Epidemic causes Attila to cease seige of Rome	Trager
400-500	Europe	Collapse of Roman Empire	Germanic tribes migrated south/east/colonized	AMNH
400	Alps	Glacial Adv	Europe cooler	Ladurie
200-700	Global	Stressful Times - Asia's Political Evolution - The Spread of Chinese Civilization: Korea, Japan and Vietnam & into the 20th Century	Classical Cultural era Ends	Ladurie