| Date |
Location |
Event |
Societal/Ecological
Consequence |
References |
| 46000BP |
Global |
Previous
ICE AGE/ 1st waves humans/New World/ New Guinea/ Australia |
Most
Mammals and Large Birds Hunted/ many to Extinction, etc. |
Trager |
| 42000 BP |
Australia |
Aboriginal
culture |
World's1st
seafarers colonize Austral Continent |
Trager |
| 36000 BP |
North
America |
Homo
sapiens arrived |
1st
migrations during recessions of ICE AGE |
Trager |
| 25,000BCE |
Dordogne
Valley |
Short,
baited toggles used to catch fish |
Larger
fishes taken from rafts, boats, or shoreline |
Trager |
| 25,000BP |
Global |
Most
recent ICE AGE |
2nd
Wave Humans Migrate/Australia/New World |
Trager |
| c15,600 BP |
Great
Flood |
130
ft sea level rise |
North
western Hemisphere Ice sheet melts |
Trager/Broecker
et al. |
| 12,000BCE |
Japan |
Hunter/Fishing/Shellfish
Society |
Life
along coastal Japan based on eclectic marine diet |
Trager |
| 13K-11.64-BP |
Global |
Younger
Dryas/Cool Period Punctuated with
rapid 7C Rise and doubling of accumulation rate in Greenland
ice Cores |
Most
significant rapid climate change event that occurred during the
last deglaciation of the North Atlantic region |
US
National Report to IUGG 1991-94 |
| 10,000 BCE |
Global |
Glaciers
recede |
Seasons
change, Solar warming intense |
Ladurie |
| 10,000 BCE |
Northern
Latitudes |
Laps/Inuits
colonize CircumArctic |
Migratory,
herders/ seal-whale hunters extend ranges |
Trager |
| 9,000BCE |
British
Columbia |
Post
Glacial Wurm Period |
Coastal
middens contain inverts, salmon, bluefin tuna |
Francis |
| 8000BCE |
Northern
Europe |
Glacial
Recession |
Immigrants
bring bow/arrow, fish traps, hooks, into reindeer herder's realm |
Trager |
| 8000BCE |
Near
East |
Pleistocene
ends, rainfall increases |
Civilization,
25 acres support one family, down from hundreds/thousands |
Trager |
| 7100BCE |
Alaska |
Glaciers
retreat |
Smaller
vs Modern extent |
Ladurie |
| 7700BCE |
Persian
Gulf-Mediterranean Sea |
Dessertification
of Fertile Crescent |
People/animals
crowd into oases about the region |
J.H.
Breasted |
| 7000BCE |
Greece |
Begin
fishing at sea |
Larger
fish from offshore are caught, and brought back |
Trager |
| 6000BCE |
Switzerland |
Lake
dwellers raise flax |
Use
Flax to make fishing line and nets |
Trager |
| 5000-3000BCE |
Atlantic |
Thermal
Max onset |
Ocean
heat apex reached |
Ladurie |
| 5000BCE |
Japan |
Jomon
Pottery Begins |
Coastal/hunter/gatherer
culture |
Archeology |
| 5000BCE |
Nile
River |
Margins
begin to dry out |
Egyptians
build dikes/channels |
Prager |
| 3500BCE |
Tigris/Euphrates/Phoenecia |
Boats/oars/sails/Nets |
Commerce
between regions |
Trager |
| 3000BCE |
Oceans |
Thermal
Max ends |
Climatic
Optimum ends |
Ladurie |
| 3000BCE |
World |
Population=100
million |
|
Trager |
| 3000BCE |
Black
Sea |
Dolphins
killed for food |
Often
considered to be sacred elsewhere |
Trager |
| 2600BCE |
Egypt/Phoenecia |
Fish
preserved by sun drying |
Fish
products can be stored, shipped, and traded |
Trager |
| 2200BCE |
Alaska |
Glaciers
retreat |
Smaller
vs Modern extent |
Ladurie |
| 1000BCE |
Western
Pacific Islands/Coastal |
Obsidian
artifacts worked/traded |
Seafaring
peoples PNG to Fiji traded |
AMNH |
| 1000BCE-800AD |
Ecuador
Peninsula |
Major
wet Period |
Coastal
Peninsula Thrived |
Thompson2 |
| 1000BCE-600AD |
Coastal
Peru |
Major
wet Period |
Coastal
Culture thrives |
Thompson2 |
| 1000BCE |
Western
USA |
Maximum
moisture |
Ecosystems
change significantly |
Thompson
et al. |
| 800BCE |
China |
Extensive
treatise on Fish Culturing |
Fan-Li
authors text, stored in British Musem |
Trager |
| c600BCE |
Greece |
Anaximander
of Melitus' periplus |
World
Map/Sailing Guide/Travel Times |
Tooley |
| 110BCE |
Biai,
Italy |
Romans
culture 1st oysters |
Western
society begins commercial aquaculture |
Trager |
| 81BCE |
Japan |
Emperor
Suijin initiates shipbuilding |
Sujin
moves to increase seafood production |
Trager |
| 7 BCE |
World |
Population=250
million |
|
Trager |
| 300 |
Northern Andes /
North Coast South America
|
Warm wet period in Andes
Coastal regions dry
|
Tiahuanasco/Huari Cultures Thrive
North Coastal Cultures collapse
|
Thompson2 |
| 400 |
Alps |
Glacial
Adv |
Europe
cooler |
Ladurie |
| 407 |
Britain |
Oyster
culture introduced by Romans |
Saxon
ruled Britain is commerce driven |
Trager |
| 610 |
Camp
100 |
Medieval
warm (begins) |
Ý |
Ladurie |
| ~600 |
So.
Peru Coast |
End
of Wet Period |
Coastal
Culture Abandons Region |
Thompson2 |
| 7th Century |
China |
Pond
carp and bream standard faire |
Coastal
Chinese have more diverse marine fish food |
Trager |
| 800-1000 |
Coastal
Ecuador |
End
of Long Wet Period |
Coastal
Peninsula Abandoned |
Thompson/2 |
| 982-985 |
Greenland/Vikings |
Eric
the Red sets up camp/Colonizations |
Climate/Population Growth
|
H&B |
| 1046 |
England |
Severest
Winter in prior memory |
February
cold kills/stock/fish/people |
AngSaxChron |
| c 1050 |
Ecuador
Sta Elena Peninsula |
Highland
Dry Period Begins |
Libertad
Culture Begins to Build |
Thompson/2 |
| c 1050 |
So.
Coastal Peru |
Highland
Dry Period Begins |
Coastal
Cultures Begin to Rebuild |
Thompson/2 |
| 1125 |
Camp
100 |
Medieval
warm (end) |
Climate
Change |
Ladurie |
| 1126 |
Japan |
Buddhism
Adopted as State Religion: Rigid Laws enforce vegetarianism |
Collect/burn
all fishing nets/release cormorants |
Trager |
| 1185 |
Camp
100 |
cold |
|
Ladurie |
| 1191 |
China/Japan |
Japanese
Buddhist Aeisai visits China to find ironic pragmatism re food/animals |
No
beef - But Chinese Buddhists prize raw/salt fish above chicken/ |
Trager |
| 1200-1450 |
No.
Coastal Peru |
Chinor
Empire Builds |
Coastal
Region Sustains Agriculture/Fishing |
Thompson2 |
| 1237 |
North
France |
English
ship grounds near Dinard |
Captain
eats seabirds/ Stake-nets covered with/ mussel spat/Good Culture!! |
Trager |
1295
|
Camp
100 |
Cold |
|
Ladurie |
| 13-1400 |
Baltic
Sea |
Salt
herring major food/trade items |
Hansa
discover efficient at-sea salting/better product |
Braudel |
| 1350 |
World |
Population=300
million |
; |
Trager |
| 1368 |
China |
Ming
Dynasty fish farms |
Provide
more stable product, support live-fish markets |
Trager |
| 1376-77 |
England |
Great
complaints are made against the use of the net called 'wondyrchoun'
which drags from the bottom of the sea all the bait that used
to be the food of great fish. Through means of this instrument
fishermen catch such great plenty of small fish that they do
not know what to do with them, but fatten their pigs with them." |
The
wondyrchoun" ("wonderful machine") was a beam
trawl |
Rolls
of Parliament, Edward III |
| 1391 |
Camp
100 |
cold |
"Little
Ice Age Begins" |
GISP |
| c 1400 |
Baltic |
Herring
disappear - CHRONOLOGY link |
Herring
fleets refocus on Dogger Banks |
Braudel
- O.Pettersson 1914 |
| 1406 |
Bergen |
Hansa
fishermen catch English fishers on Norway fishing grounds |
96
fishermen bound, and tossed overboard |
Trager |
| c1450 |
Peru/Ecuador |
Highland
Wet Period Begins |
Coastal
Cultures Decline/Inca Thrives |
Thompson2 |
| 15th C |
Port
de Grave |
New
Found Land/ Secretly Held Basque fishers haven |
One
of New World earliest Settlements |
Trager |
| 1497 |
Labrador |
(Giovanni
Caboto) notes codfish banks |
Breton
fishermen have held this site sectret for decades |
Kurlansky |
| 1506 |
So.France |
Severe
Winter |
Sea
at Marseilles freezes |
Ladurie |
| 1510 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
El Niño |
|
Quinn |
| 1518 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
El Niño |
|
Quinn |
| 1520 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
El Niño |
|
Quinn |
| 1525-26 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
El Niño |
|
Quinn |
| 1532 |
Grindavik,
Iceland |
Englishman
John the Broad, Murdered setting off first Major Cod War |
English
and Hansa do battle over Cod, English driven away |
Kurlansky |
| 1534 |
England |
UK
Breaks with Rome |
Fish
consumption drops off |
Trager |
| 1535 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1538 |
Basque
New Found Land |
First
official fishing records/Newfoundland |
Basque
had fished Grand Banks for decades/century |
Kurlansky |
| 1540 |
Greenland |
Dutch
whaling captain, Jon Greenlander, visits Greenland Viking Colony |
Finds
last Viking colonist lying dead outside his hut, dagger in hand. |
Trager |
| 1539-41 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1543 |
So.France |
Severe
Winter |
Rhone
freezes |
Ladurie |
| 1544 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1546-47 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1550 |
Alps |
Glacial
Adv |
|
|
| 1552-53 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1554 |
England |
parliament
enacts fish days |
The
Act encourages boat building/naval manpower |
Trager |
| 1556 |
Swedish
coast |
Bohuslan
herring bloom |
Begin
33 year abundance period |
Lindquist |
| 1556 |
Medit./So.
France |
Severe
winter |
Rhone
freezes |
Ladurie |
| 1557 |
So.
France |
Severe
winter |
Rhone
freezes |
Ladurie |
| 1558-61 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1563 |
England |
Additional
Fish Day/wednesday/Enacted |
Need
for Naval manpower/ decrease price of meat |
Trager |
| 1565 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1565 |
Medit./So.
France |
Severe
winter |
Rhone/olives
freeze |
Ladurie |
| 1567-68 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1569-73 |
So.France |
Severe
Winter |
Rhone/olives
freeze |
Ladurie |
| 1574 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1578-79 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1581-82 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1583-84 |
So.France/Germany |
Severe
Winter/Cool Spring/Summers |
Olives
freeze |
Ladurie |
| 1585 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1587 |
Iceland
Cores |
Continental
air masses (e.g., calcium) reflect onset of LIA conditions 200
years before marine sources (AD1391 compared to AD1587) and end
LIA 70 years earlier (AD1846 compared to AD1914) than marine
sources |
"Little Ice Age Begins"/
from Ocean Proxy Sources
(e.g., seasalt sodium)
|
GISP2 |
| 1587 |
So.France |
Severe
Winter |
Olives
freeze |
Ladurie |
| 1589-91 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1589 |
Swedish
coast |
Bohuslan
herring fails |
End
of 33 year abundance period |
Lindquist |
| 1595 |
So.France |
Severe
Winter |
Sea/Olives/Rhone
freeze |
Ladurie |
| 1595 |
England |
Crops
fail |
Food
prices rise sharply |
Prager |
| 1596 |
Europe/Asia/Peru/Eng. |
Food
shortages |
Famine/unrest
due to high costs |
Trager |
| 1596 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1600 |
So.France |
Severe
Winter |
Olives
freeze |
Ladurie |
| 1600-01 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1601 |
Alps |
Glacial
max |
Ý |
Ladurie |
| 1602 |
Cape
Cod, Mass. |
Bartholomew
Gosnold drops anchor |
Logs
that he "tooke there a great store of Cod Fysshes" |
Trager |
| 1604 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1607-08 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1607 |
Jamestown,
Virginia |
Colony
founded, under Captain John Smith |
"abundance
of fish, lying so thicke with their heads above the water, for
want of nets...we attempted to catch them with frying pans." |
Trager |
| 1611 |
England |
1st
English ship outfitted for whaling |
Killed
1 small whale, 500 walruses at Spitzbergen/sank |
Trager |
| 1614 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1618-19 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1621 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1624 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1620s |
New
World |
Dutch/English
colonies Hudson River/ Massachusetts Bay |
Shad
and lobster abundance provide "poverty food" |
Trager |
| 1630-31 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1640 |
Massachusetts
Bay |
Cod
fishery commercialized |
300,000
cod sent to markets |
Trager |
| 1641 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1643 |
Swedish
coast |
Bohuslan
herring Bloom |
Begin
45 year Abundance Period |
Lindquist |
| 1640-45 |
Sun |
Sun
spots disappear |
Maunder
minimum begins |
Ladurie/Goad |
| 1647 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1648 |
New
Nederland/Connecticutt-Canada |
Fish
of finest quality fill rivers, bays, sea |
Six
foot lobster common, but one footers are best to eat |
Trager/Gov
van der Donck |
| 1650 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1652 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1652 |
New
Bedford |
Joseph
Russel begins offshore whaling |
New
Bedford whaling industry founded |
Trager |
| 1653 |
England |
Isaak
Walton-The Compleat Angler |
Treatises
on fish, diet, health, recreation |
Walton |
| 1655 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1659-1764 |
England/Nederlands |
Huygens/Huntsman/Harrison |
Lathes/Navigation
Chronometers appear |
Burke |
| 1661 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1670 |
England/Canada |
Hudson
Bay Co. granted trade rights |
Exclusive
northern drainage system resource base |
McDougall |
| 1671 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1680 |
Maryland |
Colonist
near starvation |
Complain
they were forced to eat oysters to survive |
Trager |
| 1681 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1681 |
France |
Louis
XIV restricts mussel fishing |
No
restraint on oysters, called "inexhaustable" |
Trager |
| 1683 |
England |
Coldest
Winter/Smallpox |
Thames/sea
to two miles freezes |
Ladurie |
| 1683-84 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1687-88 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1692 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1694-95 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1698 |
Swedish
coast |
Bohuslan
herring fails |
End
of 45 year abundance period |
Lindquist |
| 1700 |
World |
Population=600
million |
|
Tanton |
| 1700 |
Boston |
50,000
quintals of cod shipped |
Best
to Bilbao, Lisbon/Oporto/West Indies slaves eat racks |
Kurlansky |
| 1701 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1702 |
Edo,
Japan |
Sasa
Maki Kenukisushi shop opens |
Deboned
fish and sushi rice served in bamboo leaves |
Remains
open today |
| 1703 |
England |
November
27, Hurricane |
All
major ports were devastated, andThames River, inundated by huge
waves ~ 300 ships & >30,000 sailors were lost at sea |
Nash/Defoe |
| 1703-04 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1707-09 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1707-09 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1711 |
North
Atlantic |
August,
Storm |
English
Arnmada, en route to attack Quebec, scattered; 8 transports with
1,342 soldiers lost |
Nash |
| 1715-16 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1715 |
Sun |
More
spots appear |
end
Maunder minimum |
Ladurie |
| 1718 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1720 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1723 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1725 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1728 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1731 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1734 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1737-39 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1741 |
Aleutians/Alaska |
Bering/Chirikov
explore for fur trade |
Bering
dies/Chirikov returns w/1500 otter skins |
McDougall |
| 1743 |
Aleutians |
Russian
Trappers invade/Aleuts hunt |
Russians
enslave islanders/build fur industry |
McDougall |
| 1744 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1747 |
Swedish
coast |
Bohuslan
herring bloom |
Begin
62 year abundance period |
Lindquist |
| 1747-48 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1751 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1754-55 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1761-62 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1765-66 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1767 |
Antarctica |
First
whaling venture |
50
American whalers enter Antarctica |
Trager |
| 1767 |
Pacific/Oceania |
French
Navigator de Bougainville |
Explores
Oceania for whales |
Trager |
| 1768-69 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1772-73 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1775 |
Newfoundland |
Hurricane |
Fishing
fleets caught on the sea, and destroyed, >4000 fishermen killed |
Nash |
| 1776-78 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1781 |
Alaska |
Shelikhov/Golikov
Co. furs trap/trade |
End
up with > 1/2 Pacific furs/ next 16 yrs |
McDougall |
| 1782-84 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1783 |
Cook
Inlet |
John
Meares, Royal Navy, overwinters |
Britain's
first foothold on west Coast |
McDougall |
| 1784 |
Nootka |
Meares
returns/2 ships/Portuguese flag |
Purchases
land from Makweena.Nootka Chief |
McDougall |
| 1785-86 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1786 |
France |
Abbe
Dicquemate reports oysters failing |
Mouth
of seine oysters diminished by half in 40 years |
Trager |
| 1787-88 |
WCoast&China |
Columbia/Lady
Washington Trade circuit |
Traded
for Chinese goods/Furs peak 1792 |
McDougall |
| 1790-93 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1791 |
Columbia
River |
Robert
Gray sails into Columbia River |
Lt.
Puget explores Sound inside JuanDe Fuca Strait |
McDougall |
| 1792 |
Columbia
River |
George
Vancouver lands at Mendocino |
Discovery
arrives Nootka/13 gun salute/Spain'sBodega |
McDougall |
| 1794-97 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1796 |
Spanish/English |
English
win War/French occupy Spain |
Spanish
influence in Pacific rolls shut |
McDougall |
| 1799 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1799 |
Sitka |
New
Archangel founded by Baranov |
After
"managing" Kodiak/starved out/moved south |
McDougall |
| 1799 |
Alaska
coast |
A
toxic blue mussel feast |
Over
100 of Aleksander Baranov's crew dies within hours of paralytic
shellfih toxin poisoning |
Baranov
log |
| 1800 |
World |
Population=900
million |
|
Tanton |
| 1802 |
Eastern
Tropical Pacific |
ENSO
cool event |
Estimate
from Coastal Peru Dry/Cold records |
Caviedes |
| 1803-04 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1802 |
Sitka |
Russian
fort burned/Heads staked |
Tlingit
attacked/ Baranov&group away |
McDougall |
| 1804 |
Sitka |
Baranov
returns/Russian Man-O-War appears |
New
Archangel built fur trade restarts |
McGougall |
| 1805 |
Columbia
River |
Meriweather
Lewis/William Clark arrive |
New
era of western colony expansion begins |
McDougall |
| 1806-07 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1809 |
Edo,
Japan |
Sushiman
Yohei invents nigirizushi |
Vinegared
rice/wasabi/raw fish becomes specialty |
Trager |
| 1808-09 |
Swedish
coast |
Bohuslan
herring fails |
End
of 62 year abundance period |
Lindquist |
| 1810 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1812 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1814 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1817 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1819 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1822 |
Eastern
Tropical Pacific |
ENSO
cool event |
Estimate
from Coastal Peru Dry/Cold records |
Caviedes |
| 1824-25 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1825-26 |
Eastern
Tropical Pacific |
ENSO
cool event |
Estimate
from Coastal Peru Dry/Cold records |
Caviedes |
| 1827-28 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1830 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1831-32 |
Eastern
Tropical Pacific |
ENSO
cool event |
From Coastal Peru Dry/Cold records
Darwin Timeline Begins |
Caviedes |
| 1832-33 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1834 |
France |
First
sardines canned |
Starts
industrial shift |
Trager |
| 1835-36 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1837-39 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1846 |
Iceland
Cores |
Continental
air masses (e.g., calcium) reflect end LIA 70 years earlier (AD1846
compared to AD1914) than marine sources |
"Little Ice Age ENDS"/
from Ocean Proxy Sources
(e.g., seasalt sodium).
|
GISP2 |
| 1844-46 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1846 |
Boston |
William
Underwood begins canning fish |
Adds
to line of meats |
Trager |
| 1846 |
Oregon/Washington |
US
obtains Oregon Territory |
Hudson
Bay Co. obliterated south of 54.40N by Treaty |
McDougall |
| 1848 |
California |
US
takes possession of California/Mexico |
Treaty
of Guadalupe Hidlago sealed |
McDougall |
| 1850 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1850-56 |
Camp
100/France |
cold
spring/summers |
Vintage
Failures |
Ladurie |
| 1850 |
England |
Last
salmon taken from Thames River |
Heavy
pollution /Salmon do not return for >120 years |
Trager |
| 1852-53 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1853 |
France |
Declining
oyster production intesified |
Gov'mt
sends Coste/study remains Roman culture |
Trager |
| 1854-55 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1854 |
California |
Early
Chinese fishing centers/vessels |
SanFrancisco,
Monterey, to SanDiego:Chinese style |
McDougall |
| 1854 |
Portland,
Or |
Chinese
labor brought in |
Salmon
Plants/Efforts failed/labor "did not like work" |
Imm.Comm
1910/II/vol8 |
| 1857 |
British
Columbia |
Huson
Bay Co. opens salmon saltworks |
Ship
Fraser River salmon to Sandwich Islands (Hawaii) |
Trager |
| 1857 |
Westport,
Oregon |
John
West begins salting salmon |
Initiates
salmon trade/eventually canning industry |
Trager |
| 1857-58 |
Eastern
Tropical Pacific |
ENSO
cool event |
Estimate
from Coastal Peru Dry/Cold records |
Caviedes |
| 1858-59 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1860 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1862 |
USA |
Congress
Passes Homestead Act |
Any
citizen could claim 160 acres in west |
Congress.
Record |
| 1862 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
Ý |
Quinn |
| 1862 |
Gloucester,
Massachusetts |
February
24th Gale, on Georges Bank |
>120
fishermen die |
Nash |
| 1863 |
US
Congress |
Linclon
Charters the Union Pacific RR |
Subsidized
track Miles/Leland Stanford Digs In! |
McDougal |
| 1863 |
Eastern
Tropical Pacific |
ENSO
cool event |
Estimate
from Coastal Peru Dry/Cold records |
Caviedes |
| 1864 |
ENSO
Warm Event |
Records/Proxies
of El Niño |
First
salmon cannery open on Columbia River |
Quinn/Trager #2 |
| 1864 |
California |
First
salmon cannery opens Sacramento River, Washington in Yolo Co. |
Hapgood,
Hume and Co. pack 2000 cases.1/2 spoil |
Trager
#2 |